Beginner Guide for Black Bengal Goat Farming

Hey new farmers,

Are you looking for an organized basic guide on Black Bengal goat farming?

In this article, you will get an overall idea about goat farming and the following topic.

Here are some topics…

Key Take Ways..

 

• Why should you start goat farming?
• Why you shouldn’t start goat farming?
• Understanding Goat Breeds: you can easily differentiate goat breeds and their unique characteristics. This will help you to choose the right breed for your farm.
• Building Infrastructure:  You will get a basic idea about necessary infrastructure, such as fencing and shelters. Which is very important to make a safe and comfortable environment for goats.
• Nutrition and Feeding: Feeding is one of the most important part in goat farming. You will find some basic but necessary info about goat nutrition and feeding practices.
• Healthcare and Disease Prevention: I have mentioned some common disease that you should aware about. This will help to be prepared.
• Breeding and Reproduction: You will get a overall idea about goat breeding.
• Value-Added Products: Some opportunities for creating value-added products.

For example: cheese from goat milk, meat selling directly to the consumer, etc.

Sustainable Practices: Embrace sustainable farming practices that contribute to environmental conservation and community development.

In this article, I will try to share some basic info and some real-life examples that can help to decide on goat farming.

Why Should You Start Goat Farming?

You can start a new farm on a limited budget. Goat Farm doesn’t require lots of capital. And return of investment is higher compared to other farms.

As we all know money is one of the big barriers for a beginner to start a new farm right?

Many young people or newly graduated want to start something on their own. But as a fresher, they have a limited budget.

So if you are one of them and don’t have much capital to start then goat farming can be an option for you.

As a new, you can start farming with 5 to 10 goats. A small amount of goats can be managed easily and don’t need a huge investment.

As your experience grows you can add goats accordingly.

Here is a fact: Black Bengal goats can breed 2 to 4 child goats at once. And 2 times in a year.

For example: if you have 4 goats and they breed 2 goats on average you will get 16 goats in a year. So you can calculate the price based on your market.

Why Should Not You Start Goat Farming?

 

 

However, I am trying to share an example about the budget.

Black Bengal goat breeds and their characteristics

Appearance

Black Bengal goats are primarily black, but sometimes they may have white color markings on the face and body.

They are small to medium-sized goats), with an average height of 1.4 to 1.8 feet (17 to 21 inches) and a width of 1.5 to 2 feet (18 to 24 inches). Their horns and ears are usually small and curved backward. Also, they have short sleek hair on full body.

The average weight of adult male goats is between 25-30 kg and adult females weigh between 20-25 kg.

Adaptability

Black Bengal goats can survive in various climates and environments. But especially medium hot climates are suitable. For example: regions like Bangladesh, India, and parts of Southeast Asia have perfect weather for black Bengal goats.

But most importantly, black Bengal can survive in hush climates compared to other breeds.

Reproductive Efficiency

Black Bengal goats have high reproductive efficiency. They have a short breeding cycle. This goat becomes mature at around 6-8 months of age.

Black Bengals breed 2 to 4 kids at once. And two times in a year.

Meat Quality

Black Bengal goat meat is relatively lean compared to other types of meat which make it healthier. This meat has good demand in the local market and the price is high compared to other meats.

Skin Quality

This goat has high-quality skin which is very suitable for leather products. Goat skills are more in demand in developed countries.

Maintenance

You don’t have to spend much on maintenance for this goat. Black Bengal goats are relatively low-maintenance compared to some other goat breeds.

They can easily survive with a minimum diet. And they have a good immune system that helps to resist too many common diseases.

Some Disadvantages Of Black Bengal Goat 

Limited Milk Production: Black Bengal goats typically have lower milk production compared to other goat breeds. It may not be sufficient for large-scale milk production.

However: Most farmers choose black Bengal for meat production. 

Can’t survive in cool weather:  This goat can’t survive in extremely cool climates. Make sure your location is not too cool. 

Small Body Size: Black Bengal goats are small in size compared to some other goats. The average weight of goats is 25 to 30 kg. So you can not expect lots of meat production from it. 

Ok.

Let’s see how can we pick the right black Bengal breed for the farm. 

How to Choose Black Bengal Breed

Here you can follow some processes to select the right black Bengal goats for your farm.

Genetic Background

Finding a goat with good genetics is one of the hardest and most important parts of farming. Because a strong genetic background helps to fight common diseases. And contribute to the improvement of meat and milk production.

As a new farmer, you have to find good genetic goats.

Body Structure

Do you have clear what your purpose is to start a goat farm?

I mean, do you want more meat production?

Or milk production?

According to your preference, you have to choose your ideal goat.

Example: For meat production, a goat should have a sturdy, muscular build body.

You also can consider it as

• Fast growth rates,
• Good feed conversion efficiency,
• And high meat-to-bone ratio.

On the other hand, for milk production, focus on animals with high milk yield, and good udder conformation.

Consider the genetic potential for milk production as well as the lactation curve to ensure a steady milk supply. In this case, crossing with other breeds can help in milk production compared to the original black Bengal goat.

Reproductive Performance

Nothing is better than finding a good reproductive breed.

Because high reproductive goats will maximize productivity and profitability in meat and milk production.

Here you can consider a good one by measuring with

• Fertility
• Kidding rate,
• And mothering ability.

Temperament and Behavior

By nature, black Bengal goats are well-mannered and cool-tempered.  They are socially active and get into mess easily.

By the way, you have to be sure about it before selecting.

Health and Disease Resistance

Healthy goats have a direct impact on profitability. You should find a breed with a history of good health and disease resistance. Mostly, it depends on good genetics.

However, proper vaccination and maintenance can reduce the risk of disease transmission and ensure long-term health.

Right Location For Goat Farming

Climate and Environment

Bengal goats are well-adapted to hot and humid climates.

On the other hand, they can’t tolerate extreme weather conditions.

For example: cold weather, heavy rainfall, and high humidity levels can negatively impact on goat health and productivity.

Availability of Land

You must have ample grazing land. The land should be sufficient to accommodate the size of the goat to prevent issues.

Access to Water

Water is very important for Bengal goats. You have to ensure that your chosen location has reliable access to clean and fresh water. There are some common natural water sources to consider like rivers, streams, or ponds. Also, you can install wells or water storage systems to meet the water needs of your goat.

Easily communication

Consider a place where you can easily market goat products such as meat, milk, and skin.

Remember: demand is very important for any business. If your market is not consuming goat products then it may be not well place for farming.

Easy transportation routes and markets can minimize transportation costs and maximize market opportunities for your products.

Availability of Veterinary Services

Choose a location with access to enough veterinary services and animal healthcare facilities.

Make sure there are available services like routine care, emergency treatment, and preventive healthcare measures for your goat.

Design Housing For Black Bengal Goats

Requires attention to their specific needs, which include space, protection from weather elements, and security. Here’s a general guide for each aspect:

Shelters

Size: shelters should be large enough for all goats to comfortably fit inside during inclement weather.

Provide at least 15 to 20 square feet per adult goat to ensure they have enough space to move around comfortably.

Ensure the pen has shaded areas, especially in hot climates, to protect the goats from direct sunlight.

Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent the buildup of humidity and ammonia fumes.

Protection: Construct shelters with sturdy walls and roofs to protect the goats from rain, wind, and extreme temperatures.

Bedding: Use soft bedding material such as straw or wood shavings to provide insulation and comfort.

Pens

Space Requirements: Provide at least 15 to 20 square feet per adult goat to ensure they have enough space to move around comfortably.

Shade: Ensure the pen has shaded areas, especially in hot climates, to protect the goats from direct sunlight.

Drainage: Ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to health issues for the goats.

Bedding: Use clean, dry bedding such as straw or wood shavings to keep the pen dry and comfortable for the goats.

Accessibility: Ensure easy access for cleaning and feeding.

Fencing

Height: Fencing should be at least 4 to 5 feet tall to prevent goats from jumping over.

Material: Use sturdy materials such as woven wire, chain-link, or welded wire mesh to withstand the pressure from goats leaning or rubbing against it.

Gaps: Ensure there are no gaps or spaces large enough for goats to squeeze through.

Durability: Regularly inspect and maintain fencing to repair any damages promptly.

Electric Fencing: Consider using electric fencing to deter predators and prevent goats from testing the boundaries.

Note:  it’s essential to design pens, shelters, and fencing in a way that allows for easy management, such as feeding, watering, and cleaning.

Keep in mind: Proper planning and maintenance are crucial to ensure good health and well-being of Black Bengal goats.

Best way is: to consult with experienced goat farmers or agricultural to get valuable insights and recommendations for designing the perfect shelter.

Hygiene Protection

Ensuring proper ventilation, drainage, and sanitation practices is essential for maintaining the health, comfort, and productivity of your Black Bengal goat herd. Here’s how you can effectively manage these aspects on your goat farm:

Ventilation

A ventilation system helps to maintain good air quality and prevent critical issues among your goats. To keep goats healthy you have to ensure good airflow by designing well-ventilated housing structures.

For example: Keep enough windows, vents, and openings facilitates.

Here are some suggestions:

• You can also install fans in enclosed areas to enhance ventilation during hot weather
• Position housing structures to take advantage of prevailing winds and natural airflow patterns.
• Avoid overcrowding and allow sufficient space between animals to promote air circulation within the barn or shelter.

Drainage

Effective drainage is essential for managing excess moisture and preventing waterlogging. Which can prevent unexpected health issues for your goats.

And design housing areas with proper slope and grading to facilitate natural drainage away from the living quarters and feeding areas.

You should also minimize runoff and erosion in high-traffic areas…

For example: vegetative buffers, gravel pathways, and concrete pads.

Note: regularly inspect and maintain drainage infrastructure to ensure proper functioning and prevent blockages or obstructions.

Sanitation

Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of diseases.  It also helps to maintain the overall health of your goat.

You should make a regular cleaning and sanitation routine for all housing areas.

Here are some suggestions:

• Remove soiled bedding, manure, and debris from housing areas daily to minimize odor. This is not wasted. You can composite this waste to produce nutrient-rich fertilizer for your land.
• Provide clean, fresh bedding material regularly to keep housing areas dry, comfortable, and odor-free. Also use materials like straw, wood shavings, or sawdust to absorb moisture and maintain cleanliness.
• Monitor water quality and cleanliness in drinking water sources. Clean and refill water regularly to ensure access to clean, fresh water for your goats at all times.

By ensuring proper ventilation, drainage, and sanitation practices, you can create a healthy and hygienic environment for your farm. Which will promote the well-being and productivity of your goat.

So keep monitoring, maintenance, and proactive management to ensure long-term.

Importance of Nutrition 

Balanced nutrition is essential for the health, growth, reproduction, and overall well-being of goats. Here are several reasons why balanced nutrition is crucial for goats:

1. Promotes Growth and Development: Proper nutrition supports the growth and development of goats. Adequate levels of essential nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals are necessary for optimal muscle and bone development.

2. Reproduction and Fertility: Balanced nutrition is essential for reproductive health and fertility in both male and female goats.

3. Enhances Milk Production: For dairy goats, balanced nutrition is crucial for maximizing milk production. 

4. Maintains Body Condition: Balanced nutrition helps goats maintain optimal body condition.

5. Supports Immune Function: Proper nutrition is essential for maintaining a good immune system and preventing disease. So vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants are very essential to enhance disease resistance.

6. Overall Health and Longevity: Ultimately, balanced nutrition is vital for promoting overall health, vitality, and longevity in goats.

A well-balanced diet supports all aspects of goat health, from digestive health and coat condition to hoof health and reproductive function.

 

Now pay attention: a balanced diet requires a variety of foods like hay, grains, and supplements.

Here are some types of feed suitable for goats.

Food to meet Nutrition

Grasses: Common grasses such as Bermuda grass, Para grass, Napier grass, and Alfalfa are suitable for Black Bengal goats. Grasses provide fiber, energy, vitamins, and some protein.

Legumes: Leguminous forages like Alfalfa, and Clover are rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins. These are excellent supplements for goats, especially for lactation or growth.

Corn: Whole or cracked corn is a popular energy source for Black Bengal goats. It provides carbohydrates and calories.

However, you should moderate corn to prevent obesity and digestive issues.

Oats: Oats are a good source of energy, protein, and fiber for goats. Whole oats or rolled oats can be fed as part of a balanced diet for goats of all ages.

Barley: Barley is another energy-rich grain option for goats, providing carbohydrates and protein. It can be fed whole or as part of a mixed grain ration.

Wheat: Whole or cracked wheat can be fed to goats as a supplemental energy source, but it should be limited to prevent digestive problems.

Read carefully, this is the most important part of becoming a successful farmer. 

We will see how we can prevent disease. 

Disease Prevention

Goats can be susceptible to various health issues, ranging from infectious diseases to nutritional disorders and reproductive problems. Here are some common health issues affecting goats and their symptoms:

Some Common Disease

You can get an idea about some common goat diseases. 

📌Note this is very important: don’t take any steps without consulting. 

1. PPR

PPR (Peste des Petits Ruminants) is a highly contagious viral disease for Black Bengal goats.

Symptoms

High fever, nasal and ocular discharge, pneumonia, diarrhea, and eventually death in severe cases. This disease has the most impact on goat mortality, reduced productivity, and loss. 

Prevention

Vaccination, quarantine, and biosecurity protocols help for controlling the spread of PPR in Black Bengal goats.

However: early detection of cases can minimize the impact of the disease.

2. Anthrax or anthrax

This is a fatal disease of goats in summer major countries. The disease is caused by a bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax disease is so severe that symptoms appear within 12-18 hours after the germ enters in the goat’s body.

It may even die before symptoms appear. 

Symptoms
First symptom is a high fever, no hunger, and no cravings. For the abdominal pain animal becomes restless. Frequent bloody stools. 

Prevention
If you identify an infected goat then take it quickly to a dry and elevated area. If the affected goat dies, dig a 6-foot deep hole in a secluded place and bury the dead body.

3. Olan paka or mastitis

Goats also suffer from mastitis disease. Various types of bacterial infections in goats are the cause of this disease. This disease occurs a few days before or after giving birth. Sometimes this disease is caused by infection of small wounds. 

Symptoms
Fever, and rapid pulse. The olan becomes hard and swollen with swelling. Thick sometimes coagulated milk comes out of stool. Sometimes blood comes out with the milk.

Prevention
Care should be taken to avoid injury during milking or feeding the baby. Even if there is a wound, the wound should be cleaned immediately. Baby goats need to be nursed by other goats.

4. Enterotoxemia or Pulpy Kidney Disease

It is caused by the bacteria Clostridium perfringens type-D. This disease is also called pulpy kidney disease. The kidneys become very soft and swollen. As a result, the affected goats die within a short time. The disease is usually more common in healthy growing goats, but healthy older goats can also be affected.

Symptoms
Goats usually die suddenly before any signs or symptoms appear. Affected goats initially walk around while standing, shiver, have hypothermia, lie down with abdominal pain, and loose stools.

And become very weak, and die shortly.

Prevention
Separate sick goats from healthy goats and clean their feces. Avoid excess grain feed, especially to prevent healthy goats from overfeeding.

4. Brucellosis

It is a disease caused by a type of bacteria in goats. Goats abort due to this disease at the end of pregnancy. Also, this disease can occur in normal conditions as well.

Symptoms
During pregnancy, this bacterium infects the uterus and placenta of goats. Infected goats cannot conceive for many days. 

Prevention

Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as proper cleaning can help prevent the spread of brucellosis. This includes regular cleaning of water troughs, feeders, and housing areas.

5. Goat Pox

Goat pox, also known as contagious ecthyma or pustular dermatitis, is a viral disease affecting goats and other small ruminants.

The virus is typically spread through direct contact with infected animals or materials such as feeders, water troughs, or bedding.

Symptoms

Around the mouth, nostrils, ears, throat, teats, and feet, spring-like blisters can be seen.

Note: There are other diseases as well. But these are commonly found in Black Bengal goats.

Nutrition Deficiency

Vitamin Deficiencies

Symptoms

Poor growth, rough hair coat, decreased feed intake, reduced milk production, weakness, reproductive problems, and nervous disorders.

Mineral Deficiencies:

Symptoms

Poor growth, poor coat quality, reduced milk production, reduced reproductive performance, lameness, bone deformities, and muscle weakness.

However: Goat owners need to be familiar with common health issues and recognize signs of illness. 

Let’s see some common signs…

Common Signs of Illness

Recognizing signs of illness in Black Bengal goats is crucial for prompt intervention and ensuring their health and well-being. Here are some common signs of illness in Black Bengal goats and when to seek veterinary assistance:

1. Change in Behavior:
   • Decreased activity or lethargy
   • Isolation or separation from the herd
   • Unusual aggression or irritability
   • Disinterest in eating or drinking
2. Changes in Eating and Drinking Habits:
   • Loss of appetite or reduced feed intake
   • Increased or decreased water consumption
   • Pica (eating non-food items) or unusual eating behavior
3. Respiratory Symptoms:
   • Coughing or wheezing
   • Labored breathing or rapid breathing
   • Nasal discharge (clear, mucous, or purulent)
4. Digestive Issues:
   • Diarrhea (watery, loose, or bloody stools)
   • Constipation or straining to defecate
   • Bloating or distended abdomen
   • Colic-like symptoms (pawing at the ground, rolling)
5. Changes in Urination:
   • Frequent urination or attempts to urinate
   • Straining to urinate or vocalizing during urination
   • Blood in the urine or abnormal urine color
6. Reproductive Problems:
   • Abnormal discharge from the reproductive tract (vulva or prepuce)
   • Difficulty kidding or signs of dystocia (difficult birth)
   • Retained placenta or aborted fetuses
7. Skin and Coat Issues:
   • Hair loss or rough, unkempt coat
   • Skin lesions, sores, or wounds
   • Excessive itching, scratching, or rubbing
   • The presence of external parasites such as ticks or lice
8. Swelling or Lumps:
   • Swelling or lumps anywhere on the body, particularly in the lymph nodes, joints, or mammary glands
   • Abscesses or localized areas of inflammation
9. Changes in Body Condition:
   • Sudden weight loss or poor body condition
   • Loss of muscle mass or prominent bones
   • Obesity or excessive weight gain
10. Neurological Signs:
    • Head tilt or circling
    • Lack of coordination or stumbling
    • Seizures or convulsions
    • Abnormal eye movements or pupil dilation

When to Seek Veterinary Assistance:

• If you notice any of the above signs of illness, it’s essential to contact a veterinarian for treatment. 
• Don’t delay seeking veterinary care.

Vaccination

Consult with a Veterinarian: Work with a knowledgeable veterinarian about goat health and management to develop a customized healthcare plan.